REPLI-g FFPE Kit

直接对福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋组织(FFPE)中的DNA进行全基因组扩增

S_1326_AppD_REPLI_g0477

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REPLI-g FFPE Kit (25)

Cat. No. / ID:   150243

DNA Polymerase, Buffers, and Reagents for 25 x 50 μl whole genome amplification reactions
€785.00
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Kit
REPLI-g FFPE Kit (25)
REPLI-g FFPE Kit (100)
REPLI-g FFPE Kit 旨在用于分子生物学应用。该产品不能用于疾病诊断、预防和治疗。

✓ 全天候自动处理在线订单

✓ 博学专业的产品和技术支持

✓ 快速可靠的(再)订购

特点

  • 直接从石蜡切片中进行全基因组扩增
  • 对FFPE组织中的DNA进行全基因组扩增
  • 可扩展的标准化DNA产量:每个组织切片可达40 µg
  • 简单快速的操作,快速获取结果

产品详情

如果基因组DNA量不足以进行基因组分析,这一问题可通过对样本内全基因组DNA扩增解决。REPLI-g FFPE Kit包含DNA聚合酶、新型缓冲液和试剂,确保对福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋(FFPE)组织进行高效的全基因组扩增,无需预先纯化DNA。组织切片裂解后,对DNA进行处理后进行DNA片段连接,然后使用REPLI-g技术扩增长链DNA。

绩效

提供两种实验方案,扩增时间不同。标准2小时扩增反应方案,每50 µl反应体系的常规产量为10 µg,高产量反应(8小时扩增)可得到40 µg产物。

原理

用于基因分型研究的基因组DNA量通常不足。全基因组扩增(WGA)通过在样本内扩增全基因组,克服了这个难题,可扩增获得足量的来源于同一样本的DNA用于后续分析。

对福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋的组织样本(FFPE)进行基因分型,可将组织的形态变化直接与特定基因组变异联系起来。但是,福尔马林固定会导致DNA片段化,并与样本内的其他生物分子发生交联。此外,从FFPE样本中纯化得到的DNA量较少,只能用于少数几个分析。

REPLI-g FFPE Kit利用新型的DNA处理技术,将DNA片段连接起来(参见" REPLI-g FFPE principle")。然后通过经验证的REPLI-g技术对随机连接起来的DNA进行全基因组扩增。REPLI-g产品应与MDA以及独特的DNA聚合酶结合使用。REPLI-g DNA Polymerase凭借其活跃的进行性酶反应和单链置换反应,可很大程度上减少序列偏差和不均一位点的出现。该方法得到的结果比基于PCR的WGA方法更加可靠。新型的DNA处理技术可将MDA技术充分利用在FFPE组织样本中高度降解的DNA上。REPLI-g FFPE Kit在位点不变化的同时,实现对珍贵样本材料中DNA的扩增,产物可用于多种下游应用。

查看图表

程序

REPLI-g FFPE可使用FFPE组织样本直接进行DNA扩增,无需预先纯化DNA。裂解组织切片后,使用新型缓冲液和酶处理DNA,将片段化的DNA连接起来(参见" REPLI-g FFPE procedure"和" High-molecular-weight ligated DNA")。反应后生成DNA长链,长链经REPLI-g技术扩增。扩增得到的DNA可即用于多数基因分型下游应用,无需进行纯化。

使用REPLI-g FFPE Kit扩增得到的DNA适用于real-time PCR(如使用QuantiFast Kits)和终点式PCR(如使用QIAGEN Fast Cycling PCR Kit)。PCR扩增子应比起始模板的平均片段长度短。还适用于微卫星分析(参见" Reliable microsatellite analysis")和SNP基因分型(REPLI-g FFPE扩增得到的DNA可能不适用于需要限制性内切进行DNA标记的基因分型应用)。

查看图表

应用

REPLI-g FFPE扩增的DNA适合以下应用:

  • Real-time PCR
  • 终点式PCR
  • SNP基因分型
  • 微卫星分析 

辅助数据和图表

Specifications

FeaturesSpecifications
Yield10 µg (2h reaction)-40 µg (8h reaction)
Quality assessmentNo
Starting materialFFPE tissue sections or purified genomic DNA
TechnologyMDA
Maximum input volume1 tissue section (10-40 µm thickness)
Reaction time2-8h (2h: standard; 8h: high-yield reaction)
Reaction volume50 µl
Starting amount of DNA100-300 ng*
ApplicationsGenotyping, PCR, Real-time PCR
Samples per run (throughput)medium
AmplificationWhole genomic DNA

资源

产品介绍与指南 (4)
Sample to Insight solutions for successful molecular analysis
High-quality, nucleic acid purification for successful PCR and NGS experiments.
Second edition — innovative tools
Critical factors for molecular analysis of FFPE samples
试剂盒操作手册 (1)
For direct whole genome amplification of DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue
安全数据表 (1)
Download Safety Data Sheets for QIAGEN product components.
快速启动实验方案 (1)
Safety Data Sheets (1)
Certificates of Analysis (1)
Brochures & Guides (4)
High-quality, nucleic acid purification for successful PCR and NGS experiments.
Second edition — innovative tools
Sample to Insight solutions for successful molecular analysis
Critical factors for molecular analysis of FFPE samples
Kit Handbooks (1)
For direct whole genome amplification of DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue
Additional Resources (1)
Supplementary Protocols (1)
Quick-Start Protocols (1)

Publications

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip.
Thirlwell C; Eymard M; Feber A; Teschendorff A; Pearce K; Lechner M; Widschwendter M; Beck S;
Methods; 2010; 52 (3):248-54 2010 Apr 29 PMID:20434562
Whole genome amplification for array comparative genomic hybridization using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histological sections.
Huang J; Pang J; Watanabe T; Ng HK; Ohgaki H;
J Mol Diagn; 2009; 11 (2):109-16 2009 Feb 5 PMID:19197000

FAQ

What is REPLI-g whole genome amplification?
The REPLI-g Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) method is a rapid and reliable method of generating unlimited DNA from a few cells or a few nanograms of genomic DNA. This technology amplifies the genome with comprehensive loci coverage and minimal bias between any loci, yielding 12+ kb fragments in a simple, scalable reaction.
FAQ ID -654
Will the random hexamers in the REPLI-g reaction interfere with downstream analysis?

The REPLI-g amplified products can be used directly for downstream analysis such as PCR, PCR-based applications, restriction enzyme digestion, cycle sequencing, and more, after appropriate dilution to adjust to work concentrations.

However, to determine DNA concentration by absorbance, the MDA product should be run through a spin column to eliminate the random hexamers, as they will contribute to the absorbance reading and give an artificially high concentration. For this reason, we recommend determining DNA concentration by PicoGreen analysis, which preferentially binds double-stranded DNA. As a result, single-stranded random hexamers will not contribute to the apparent DNA concentration in the quantitation assay. When using this method, the concentration of the MDA product can be determined directly, without any purification.

A Protocol for the use of PicoGreen to quantitate REPLI-g WGA product can be found in the REPLI-g Mini/Midi Handbook. Please follow this link .

FAQ ID -713
Are Centromeres and Telomeres amplified using REPLI-g WGA?
These regions are not amplified because only a subset of the random primers in the REPLI-g amplification mix can prime within these extensively repeated regions. Despite the high processivity of the Phi29 DNA Polymerase, centromeres and telomeres are at a competitive disadvantage during amplification, and drop out. In experiments we have done, single copy sequences within approximately 5000 bases of a poorly amplified region can be affected during amplification. If your gene is further than 5000 bases apart from a centromere or telomere, it should be amplified just fine.
FAQ ID -702
Can I use REPLI-g for SNP Genotyping?

Yes. Chromosomes are equally amplified. We and our customers use amplified DNA for SNP genotyping on a regular basis, using Illumina, TaqMan®, Sequenom, PCR, gel-based sequencing, and other techniques. Tzvetkov et al. (2005) used Affymetrix’ GeneChip Human Mapping 10K Arrays to investigate the accuracy and allele amplification bias in DNA samples subjected to MD-WGA with REPLI-g. They observed an excellent concordance (99.95%) between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) called both in the nonamplified and the corresponding amplified DNA. Genomic DNA for this study was extracted from blood samples of four unrelated donors using the QIAamp DNA Blood Kit. High-throughput microarray genotyping of 11 555 different SNPs was performed using GeneChip Human Mapping 10K Arrays version Xba131 (Affymetrix).

For additional references, please visit our continuously expanding Citation Data Base online.

 See trademarks.

 

FAQ ID -700
What are possible reasons for reduced DNA yields with REPLI-g Kits?

Low yields with REPLI-g Kits for whole genome amplification (WGA) can result from a number of factors:

  • inhibitors in the template DNA, e.g., phenol and SDS, EDTA > 1 mM
  • low-quality, fragmented input DNA, e.g., degraded DNA from old samples, FFPE samples
  • improper reaction conditions, e.g., wrong volumes pipetted, insufficient reagent mixing, denaturation and neutralization steps omitted, or carried out incorrectly
  • Thermocycler incorrectly programmed, e.g., incubation time set incorrectly, reaction temperature too high (heated lid not adjusted to 70°C)

Note! When using a thermocycler model that does not allow adjusting the temperature of the heated lid, REPLI-g incubation temperature has to be reduced to 25-28°C to ensure optimal reaction conditions and amplification efficiency!

FAQ ID -2148
What is the recommended sample size for use with the REPLI-g FFPE Kit?

A single tissue section between 10-40 µm thickness is recommended for use per reaction with the REPLI-g FFPE Kit. For additional details, please refer to the protocol in the REPLI-g FFPE Handbook.

FAQ ID -1756
Can I purchase Phi29 DNA polymerase only?
We do not sell any REPLI-g reaction components separately.
FAQ ID -708
Does REPLI-g technology for whole genome amplification work with paraffin embedded samples?

Standard REPLI-g Kits, such as the REPLI-g Mini and Midi, UltraFast Mini-, Screening-, and Mitochondrial DNA Kits are not recommended for the amplification of gDNA extracted from paraffin embedded tissues. DNA recovered from paraffin embedded samples is typically strongly fragmented due to the fixation process, resulting in fragments only a few hundred base pairs long. Phi29 DNA polymerase however works most efficiently on DNA longer than 2 kb in length (ideally, at least a few fragments >10 kb should be present in the gDNA sample). If WGA product from strongly fragmented starting samples is utilized in genotyping assays, significant allele drop out and mis-genotyping can occur.

However, our new REPLI-g FFPE Kit overcomes these limitations by pre-processing of DNA directly derived from paraffin embedded tissue samples. The pre-processing reaction ligates fragments to generate suitable templates for subsequent amplification with REPLI-g Midi DNA Polymerase.

Further information can be found in the WGA Tutorial on our WGA Resource page.

FAQ ID -673
What are exo-resistant random hexamers used in the REPLI-g reaction?
These are DNA primers of random sequence, six nucleotides long, with two thiophosphate linkages at the 3' terminus to prevent digestion of the oligos by the 3' to 5' exonuclease activity of Phi29 Polymerase.
FAQ ID -710
Will REPLI-g work at high temperatures?
The reaction works at 30oC and will not work efficiently at higher temperatures. This is because the Phi29 DNA polymerase is not a thermostable enzyme and the random hexamer primers bind less efficiently as temperature is increased.
FAQ ID -656
How can I quantify the amount of REPLI-g DNA I have amplified?
  • Since REPLI-g amplification products contain single-stranded DNA as well as residual primers, it is important to utilize a DNA quantification method that is specific for double-stranded DNA. PicoGreen is a fluorescence-based nucleic acid quantitation method that is specific for double-stranded DNA and may be used to quantify the double-stranded REPLI-g products. For best results, the sample should be diluted with 2 volumes of water and thoroughly mixed prior to addition of PicoGreen.
  • before taking an OD reading on a spectrophotometer the reaction product must be purified as it contains unused primers and dNTPs
FAQ ID -694
Has anyone verified whole genome amplification accuracy with Sequencing?

Paez et al. 2004 have shown in direct sequencing experiments sampling 500 000 bp, that the estimated error rate (9.5 x 10-6) was the same in WGA generated samples as in paired unamplified samples.

FAQ ID -701
Can I use my own primers for REPLI-g WGA to amplify a specific chromosomal region?
The REPLI-g kit is designed for whole genome amplification using random hexamers. Addition of specific primers instead of random hexamers may introduce amplification bias, or the preferential amplification of specific DNA fragments at the expense of others. Currently, specific primers alone cannot be used to amplify a specific region of the genome with REPLI-g.
FAQ ID -712
At which step in the REPLI-g FFPE protocol should PicoGreen quantification be done?

When using PicoGreen for quantification of REPLI-g FFPE amplifiied DNA, perform the assay after step 15 of the REPLI-g FFPE protocol, prior to the heating step at 95°C.

PicoGreen detects double-stranded DNA with high sensitivity. If the DNA was quantified after denaturation at 95°C using PicoGreen, multiply the yield by a factor of 2 to compensate for the use of single-stranded DNA.

 

FAQ ID -1758
Where can I find background information and literature on Whole Genome Amplification with REPLI-g Kits?

Please visit our Whole Genome Amplification Resource Page for access to comprehensive information on WGA using REPLI-g Kits and REPLI-g Services.

Our WGA tutorial provides further information about Whole Genome Amplification and discusses the various techniques that are used. Additional detailed information is provided about REPLI-g Multiple Displacement Amplification technology (MDA), and recommendations are given on how to achieve the best results.

 

FAQ ID -1690
What is the length of the MDA whole genome amplification product?

MDA-amplified product has an average length of 10-12 kb, enabling Southern Blots, RFLP, and other downstream analyses that require large DNA fragments.

Note that the ligation procedure employed in the REPLI-g FFPE Kit results in the formation of very high-molecular-weight DNA and enables uniform whole genome amplification from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue.

Further information on yield and length of amplified DNA can be found in the WGA Tutorial on our Whole Genome Amplification Resource Page.

FAQ ID -690
How can I determine the quality of my REPLI-g amplified products?
After the REPLI-g reactions are completed, 1 ug of the WGA reaction product can be analyzed by electrophoresis through a 1.0% agarose gel in TBE buffer (90 mM Tris-borate, pH 8.0, 2 mM EDTA), stained with GelStar, ethidium bromide, or SYBR Green, and imaged with a UV-box or a Phosphor-Imager. The majority of product should be above 10 Kb in length, and generate a trail of smear by electrophoresis down to about 2 Kb.
FAQ ID -695
Why do I get amplification in a negative control DNA tube using the REPLI-g Kit for WGA?

Phi29 DNA Polymerase has an extremely high processivity and will extend primer-dimers that may be present in the reaction, leading to unspecific amplification products. Furthermore, the REPLI-g reaction is highly sensitive to any traces of DNA. Even minute quantities of contaminating DNA from other sources are eventually amplified over the long duration of the reaction (6-16h). However, these non-specific products will not generate specific results in downstream genetic analysis.

FAQ ID -675
Can the REPLI-g FFPE Kit also be used for formalin-fixed, ethanol preserved samples?

Formalin-fixed, ethanol-preserved samples that are not embedded in paraffin can be processed with the REPLI-g FFPE Kit by leaving out step 4 and 5 of the REPLI-g FFPE protocol. A mix containing FFPE Lysis Solution* and 2 µl Proteinase K can be added to the tissue section at step 3, after the section has been removed from its preservative solution. Proceed with the protocol at step 7: Incubate for 60 min at 60°C and then for a further 10 min at 95°C.

*Typically, 100 µl FFPE Lysis Solution are used. However, a smaller volume can be used for trimmed tissue sections (see protocol step 3 in the REPLI-g FFPE Handbook for more information).

 

FAQ ID -1760
What is the principle of the REPLI-g FFPE Kit?

The novel REPLI-g FFPE technology allows whole genome amplification of fragmented DNA directly from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples.

The REPLI-g FFPE Kit contains reagents for two different reactions: a processing reaction preparing fragmented DNA from paraffin-embedded tissue for whole genome amplification (WGA) and an amplification reaction. Please refer to the REPLI-g FFPE Handbook for details of the procedure.

 

FAQ ID -1753
Can the REPLI-g FFPE procedure restore DNA derived from FFPE tissue samples in the original order?

No, the REPLI-g FFPE Kit cannot restore DNA derived from FFPE tissue samples in its original order. The sample fixation process results in fragmentation of the DNA, and the original order of fragments is lost.

In the REPLI-g FFPE procedure, fragments are eluted from the tissue section and are ligated randomly during the processing reaction of the protocol. However, this does not effect the detection of nucleic acid sequences, such as polymorhisms, in downstream applications.

 

FAQ ID -1754
Any data on the fidelity of the REPLI-g MDA technique?

Phi29 DNA polymerase is a high fidelity proofreading enzyme and assures a very low replication error rate. It has an error rate of 1 x 10-6 - 10-7 nucleotides both in its intrinsic enzymatic activity and during the amplification reaction.

In contrast, Taq DNA polymerase has an intrinsic error rate of approximately 2 x 10-5 nucleotides, with an accumulation of about one mutation per 900 bases after 20 PCR cycles.

FAQ ID -707
What is the stability of the REPLI-g MDA product?
We have been conducting an ongoing stability study for more than a year without observing breakdown of the amplified product. There is nothing in the amplification product that indicates that it would not be stable for a number of years.
FAQ ID -693
What is the enzyme used in the REPLI-g reaction?
The enzyme used in the REPLI-g reaction is Phi29 DNA Polymerase.
FAQ ID -704
Why might Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping assays interfere with the REPLI-g FFPE kit?

Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping assays require restriction sites for the digestion with enzymes. Due to the procedure of random DNA ligation when using the REPLI-g FFPE Kit, original restriction sites may be lost. Therefore, we do not recommend this kit in combination with the Affymetrix GeneChip procedure.

Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping assays on the other hand use a primer extension protocol and should be compatible with the REPLI-g FFPE procedure as they are not affected by the random ligation process.

 

FAQ ID -1755
Is 2 kb the minimal gDNA fragment size for REPLI-g Whole Genome Amplification?

Highly degraded samples tend not to be amplified evenly across the genome. In general, an average fragment size of 2 kb in a DNA sample is the lower limit, assuming no portions of the genome are degraded to the point where information will be missing. Often, when the largest fragment in a gDNA sample is 2 kb, other fragments are much smaller and some regions of the genome may have been lost due to degradation. At least a small portion of 10 kb fragments or larger need to be present in the gDNA sample for even amplification of the entire genome.

Further information on working with fragmented DNA can be found in the WGA Tutorial on our Whole Genome Amplification Resource Page.

 

Note: If you are interested in amplifying DNA from paraffin-embedded samples we recommend to use the REPLI-g FFPE Kit.

FAQ ID -682
What are the differences between MDA and DOP/PEP methods of Whole Genome Amplification?

DOP (Degenerate Oligonucleotide-primed PCR) and PEP (Primer Extension Preamplification) are PCR-based whole genome amplification (WGA) methods. REPLI-g amplification uses MDA (Multiple Displacement Amplification) which is not a PCR-based method. MDA is scalable with yields adjustable from ug to mg quantities, whereas DOP typically yields 2-3 ug of DNA per reaction. DOP also generates a shorter product which is not suitable for certain downstream applications (e.g. Southern blot and sub-cloning).

DOP and PEP products are different from REPLI-g MDA products for a number of reasons. First, after amplification is complete, PEP products have active thermostable polymerase that will degrade the amplification product over time, because the polymerase cannot be inactivated. Second, PEP reactions consist of PCR amplicons which have the potential to contaminate other reactions as 'runaway amplicons' (e.g., amplicons in the aerosol that may be co-amplified if they accidentally get into other reactions).

REPLI-g product has neither of these issues. The polymerase is heat-inactivated after the REPLI-g reaction is complete, so it cannot digest the amplified product. There are no issues with 'runaway amplicons', because the reaction is performed at constant temperature by a hyper-branching amplification mechanism, amplifying the genome randomly without generating specific amplicons.

FAQ ID -665