Haushaltsgene (housekeeping genes)

Zur Verwendung bei der Normalisierung Ihres Experiments zur Erstellung relativer Genexpressionsprofile

Konfigurieren bei GeneGlobe

Finden Sie die richtigen zielspezifischen Assays und Panels zur Untersuchung Ihrer biologischen Ziele oder entwerfen Sie sie selbst.

RT² Profiler PCR Array

Cat. No. / ID: 330231

RT² Profiler PCR Array

Konfigurieren bei GeneGlobe Zur Preisanzeige

Konfigurieren bei GeneGlobe

Haushaltsgene (housekeeping genes) sind für molekularbiologische Anwendungen vorgesehen. Diese Produkte sind nicht zur Diagnose, Prävention oder Behandlung einer Erkrankung vorgesehen.

Konfigurieren bei GeneGlobe

Finden Sie die richtigen zielspezifischen Assays und Panels zur Untersuchung Ihrer biologischen Ziele oder entwerfen Sie sie selbst.

Eigenschaften

Einfaches Verfahren zur schnellen Identifizierung stabiler Referenzgene
Integrierte Online-Datenanalyse macht die Auswahl leicht
Verfügbar in 96- und 384-Well-Platten oder 100 Ringscheiben

Angaben zum Produkt

RT² Profiler Array Housekeeping Genes PCR Arrays werden für das Screening potenzieller Normalisierungsgene für den Einsatz in der Real-time-PCR-Analyse verwendet. Haushaltsgene kodieren Proteine, die normalerweise für die Aufrechterhaltung der Zellfunktion essentiell sind und unter den meisten experimentellen Bedingungen oft konstant bleiben. Mit diesem Array können Sie auf einfache Weise Expressionsprofile von zwölf (12) häufig verwendeten Haushaltsgenen in acht (8) Proben mit SYBR Green-basierter qPCR erstellen.

Leistung

Ein System mit Garantie

RT² Profiler PCR Arrays werden in Kombination mit den RT² SYBR^® Green qPCR Master-Mixen und dem RT² First Strand Kit getestet und optimiert. Diese Prüfung bedeutet, dass die Leistung des RT² Profiler PCR Arrays garantiert ist, wenn alle drei Komponenten zusammen verwendet werden.

Sensitivität

Wenn Sie das RT² First Strand Kit anwenden, starten Sie mit nur 1 ng oder bis zu 5 µg Gesamt-RNA pro Probe.

Reproduzierbarkeit

Das komplette PCR-Array-System zeigt starke Korrelationen über technische Replikate, Chargen und Geräte hinweg mit durchschnittlichen Korrelationskoeffizienten >0,99, was den zuverlässigen Nachweis von Unterschieden in der Expression zwischen biologischen Proben gewährleistet.

Spezifität

Das PCR-Array-System liefert bei hochqualitativer Ausgangs-mRNA einzelne Banden der vorhergesagten Größe ohne Primer-Dimere oder andere Sekundärprodukte und bietet so hoch präzise Real-time-PCR-Ergebnisse.

Einheitliche PCR-Amplifikationseffizienz

Für die PCR-Array-Technologie ist eine einheitliche PCR-Amplifikationseffizienz erforderlich, um genaue Vergleiche zwischen der Genexpression über sämtliche Gene und Proben hinweg zu ermöglichen. Die einzigartige Kombination aus unserem eigenentwickelten Primer-Design-Algorithmus und den strengen Tests, denen jeder einzelne Primer-Assay unterzogen wird, gewährleistet eine hohe Leistung aller Primer-Assays auf PCR-Arrays.

Prinzip

RT² Profiler PCR Arrays sind zuverlässige Tools für die Expressionsanalyse eines ausgewählten Genpanels. Mit jeder 96-Well-Platte, 384-Well-Platte oder jedem 100-Well-Scheiben-PCR-Array werden SYBR Green-optimierte Primer-Assays für ein sorgfältig untersuchtes Panel an relevanten signalweg- oder krankheitsfokussierten Genen geliefert. RT² Profiler PCR Arrays können auch so angepasst werden, dass das Genpanel Ihren spezifischen Forschungsinteressen entspricht. Das hochwertige Primer-Design und die erstklassige RT² SYBR Green qPCR Master-Mix-Formulierung ermöglichen mit dem PCR Array eine simultane Amplifikation von 96 bzw. 384 verschiedenen genspezifischen Produkten unter einheitlichen Zyklusbedingungen.

Diese Kombination verleiht dem RT² Profiler PCR Array die Spezifität und die hohen Amplifikationseffizienzen, die für genaue Echtzeit-Ergebnisse mit SYBR Green erforderlich sind. PCR-Arrays sind in jedem Forschungslabor einfach zu verwenden.

RT² Profiler PCR Arrays sind ausreichend sensitiv für den Einsatz von RNA, die aus regulären Proben (0,1–5 µg RNA), FFPE-Proben und kleinen Proben (1–100 ng RNA) präpariert wurde.

Verfahren

Mischen Sie einfach das cDNA-Template mit dem entsprechenden gebrauchsfertigen PCR-Master-Mix, aliquotieren Sie gleiche Volumen in jedes Well derselben Platte, und führen Sie anschließend das Real-time-PCR-Zyklusprogramm aus. RT² Profiler PCR Arrays sind kompatibel mit allen Geräten von QIAGEN, ABI, Bio-Rad, Eppendorf, Roche und Stratagene.

Flexibles Layout und flexible Kontrollen

RT² Profiler PCR Arrays sind in den Formaten 96-Well-Platte, 384-Well-Platte und 100-Well-Scheibe verfügbar und dienen der Überwachung der Expression von 84 bzw. 370 mit einem Krankheitsstatus oder Signalweg in Zusammenhang stehenden Genen sowie 5 Haushaltsgenen. Jedes RT² Profiler PCR Array enthält außerdem Kontrollen für:

Datennormalisierung
Nachweis genomischer DNA-Kontamination
RNA-Probenqualität
Allgemeine PCR-Leistung

Benutzerfreundliche Datenanalyse

Daten können mit einem benutzerfreundlichen Excel-basierten Datenanalyse-Templateoder mit einer webbasierten Software analysiert werden. Die Datenanalyse basiert auf der ΔΔC_T-Methode, wobei die Rohdaten auf eines der beiden Haushaltsgene normalisiert werden.

Anwendungen

RT² PCR Profiler Arrays können in allen Bereichen der biologischen und medizinischen Forschung eingesetzt werden, wie etwa in:

Krebs, Entzündungen und Zytokin-Profiling
Stammzellen
Neurowissenschaften
Signaltransduktionswege
Zelladhäsion und Zellmigration
Screening und Validierung von Biomarkern

Ressourcen

Simultaneously profile mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA using a simple, complete workflow

Data analysis file for RT² ProfilerRT² Profiler™ PCR Array RT2 RNA QC
Catalog number- 330231
Pathway number- PAXX-999

For analyzing gene expression data from RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays

For pathway-focused gene expression profiling using real-time RT-PCR

For pathway-focused gene expression analysis

For gene expression and genomic analysis

Poster for download

FAQ

The qBiomarker PCR Arrays contain gene lists that have been biologically validated and selected to measure the expression of a limited number of genes that are highly predictive for a biological process. Each qBiomarker PCR Array is designed to analyze multiple samples on the same 96-well or 384-well PCR plate. These arrays are best suited for screening and validation applications for a specific biological process. In contrast, the RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays typically have 84 pathway focused genes which are selected based on a different bioinformatic process and are best suited for gene expression profiling applications where a relative fold change result, and not a predictive answer, is necessary.

FAQ ID -2438

Any DNA contamination will artificially inflate the SYBR Green signal, yielding skewed gene expression profiles and false-positive signals. The most common source of DNA contamination is from PCR products generated during previous experiments. Such contamination is most often due to the improper disposal of tubes, tips, and gels that previously came into contact with PCR products. Additionally, PCR products may also contaminate pipettors, racks, work pads, and commonly used reagents such as water and buffers. To minimize the risk of contaminating your experiment with extraneous DNA, the following steps should be taken:

Remove a single aliquot of water from your PCR-grade stock, sufficient to complete the experiment. This minimizes the number of times that the stock container is opened, thereby minimizing contamination risks.
Use only fresh PCR-grade reagents and disposable labware.
Treat any labware (tubes, tips, and tip boxes) used in PCR with 10% bleach, before discarding.
Maintain a dedicated workspace for PCR setup (perhaps a PCR-only hood), away from areas of the lab where post-PCR work is done, such as running gels, enzyme digestions, and cloning.
Change the lab bench pads/papers often and decontaminate lab benches and labware (racks, pipettors, etc.) before each use by washing with 10% bleach, and/or exposing to UV light for at least 10 minutes. This serves to degrade and/or inactivate contaminating DNA.
Before, during, and after the experiment, minimize the opening and closing of any tubes or plates used during the experiment.

FAQ ID -2654

We recommend the use of RNeasy Mini Kits. Cultured cells, and freshly isolated white blood cells, may be harvested by centrifugation, and used directly with this kit. For the isolation of high-quality RNA from animal tissues, we recommend RNeasy Plus Universal Kit.

FAQ ID -2657

With the additional RT2 PreAMP methodology, only 1 ng of RNA is now needed for PCR Array analysis. Pooling RNA from different sources should only be done when there is not enough sample. We recommend running biological replicates.

FAQ ID -2663

There is no need to run a standard curve before doing the RT2 PCR Array experiment. Usually we recommend starting with 1000 ng total RNA for a 96-well PCR array.

FAQ ID -2664

The 3 most common negative controls included in a qPCR and/or qRT-PCR experiment are as follows:

1. A no template control (NTC) omits any DNA or RNA template from a reaction, and serves as a general control for extraneous nucleic acid contamination. When using SYBR Green chemistry, this also serves as an important control for primer dimer formation. Within the RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays, the GDC well also serves as a no template control, as this assay is designed to detect Genomic DNA.

2. A no reverse transcriptase control (NRT) or minus reverse transcriptase control (MRT) involves carrying out the reverse transcription step of a qRT-PCR experiment in the absence of reverse transcriptase. This control assesses the amount of DNA contamination present in an RNA preparation.

3. A no amplification control (NAC) omits the DNA polymerase from the PCR reaction. This is a control for background fluorescence that is not a function of the PCR. Such fluorescence is typically attributable to the use of a degraded, dual-labeled probe. This control is unnecessary when utilizing SYBR-Green probe chemistries.

FAQ ID -2672

It is critical to include appropriate positive controls in a qPCR experiment to determine if false negatives are being detected in the experiment. Positive controls fall into one of 2 classes.

1. Exogenous positive controls refer to the use of external DNA or RNA carrying a target of interest. If these positive controls are assayed in separate wells/tubes from the experimental sample, they serve as a control to determine whether or not the reverse transcription and/or PCR reaction conditions are optimal. Additionally, exogenous DNA or RNA positive controls may be spiked into the experimental sample(s), and assayed in parallel or in a multiplex format with, the target of interest. These control reactions assess whether the samples contain any components that inhibit reverse transcription and/or PCR.

2. Endogenous positive controls refer to the use of a native target that is present in the experimental sample(s) of interest, but is different from the target under study. These types of controls are often referred to as normalizers, and are typically used to correct for quantity and quality differences between samples.

Within the RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays, the Positive PCR Control (PPC) wells contain a plasmid with a primer assay that detects a sequence it produces. This allows for quick confirmation of the performance of the PCR steps.

The RTC wells include assays that detect the artificial RNA that is spiked in to each sample during the cDNA synthesis step. This ensures the Reverse Transcription step proceeded as needed.

FAQ ID -2673

If you are unsure of the correct housekeeping gene(s), review the literature and technical information in your field to determine which gene(s) other researchers commonly use. It is recommended that multiple housekeeping genes be utilized for each gene expression experiment, to account for any impact that an experimental condition may have on the expression of an individual housekeeping gene. For a systematic assessment of which housekeeping genes are appropriate for your specific experimental conditions, we recommend using the Housekeeping Genes RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays for human (330231 PAHS-000), mouse (330231 PAMM-000), or rat (330231 PARN-000). These arrays consist of 8 sets of 12 common housekeeping genes. They are a valuable tool for easily identifying genes with a constant level of expression among your different experimental conditions.

FAQ ID -2674

18S ribosomal RNA is a widely used control for qRT-PCR analyses because of its invariant expression across tissues, cells, and experimental treatments. However, due to its extremely high expression in most cell types, it can sometimes be challenging to use 18S rRNA as an endogenous normalizer for several gene expression assays in the same reaction.

FAQ ID -2675

Dissociation curves are carried out at the end of a PCR experiment by following a 3-step procedure.

First, all the components are denatured at 95°C, followed by complete annealing at a set temperature (based on the primer Tm values), followed by a gradual increase in temperature up to 95°C. Fluorescence intensity is monitored during this final temperature increase, resulting in the generation of a melting curve or dissociation curve.

By analyzing the first derivative of such a curve, you can readily assess the homogeneity of the PCR products, including the presence of primer–dimers, thereby determining the specificity of the PCR reaction. It is important to carry out such post-PCR analyses when using SYBR Green probe chemistry due to this reagent's lack of sequence specificity.

FAQ ID -2678

Be sure to carefully and completely seal the qPCR assay plate with fresh, optical, thin-wall, 8-cap strips or adhesive optical film before the plate is placed into the real-time cycler. In addition, refer to your instrument's user's manual to determine whether the real-time cycler manufacturer recommends use of a plate compression pad during the run.

FAQ ID -2679

There are less than a dozen genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome (all other mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes), and they are all transcribed as one transcript (just like any prokaryote), so distinguishing the expression of individual genes by real-time RT-PCR is not possible.

FAQ ID -2680

The Rn value, or normalized reporter value, is the fluorescent signal from SYBR Green normalized to (divided by) the signal of the passive reference dye for a given reaction. The delta Rn value is the Rn value of an experimental reaction minus the Rn value of the baseline signal generated by the instrument. This parameter reliably calculates the magnitude of the specific signal generated from a given set of PCR conditions. For more information, please refer to your cycler's user manual.

FAQ ID -2681

You may be using too much template. Use less input total RNA for reverse transcription, or use template at a greater dilution factor (lower concentration). Do not pipet a volume of less than 1 μl.

FAQ ID -2684

The most rigorous method to detect genomic DNA contamination, particularly with the RT² qPCR Primer Assays, is to perform a No Reverse Transcriptase (NRT) control. The PCR will have no cDNA template derived from mRNA, and any detectable product could only have been derived from genomic DNA contamination.

FAQ ID -2687

Assuming 100% amplification efficiency, each step increase in Ct value represents a doubling in the amount of qPCR template. Therefore, evaluating the difference in Ct values between the qPCR assay, and its matching NRT control, leads to the following predictions:

CtNRT - Ct+RT	Fraction of gene expression signal due to contaminating DNA	Percentage of gene expression signal due to contaminating DNA
1	(1/21) = 1/2	50%
2	(1/22) = 1/4	25%
3	(1/23) = 1/8	13%
4	(1/24) = 1/16	6%
5	(1/25) = 1/32	3%

FAQ ID -2688

Yes, all you need to do is to organize your data into a “custom PCR Array” file. When you upload it to the website, use the custom PCR array name CUSTOM. The locations of the blank excel spreadsheet is: http://www.sabiosciences.com/pcrarraydataanalysis.php#custom

FAQ ID -2698

We determine the amplification efficiency during wet bench testing of our assays using standard curve dilutions, or by single curve analysis. If you would like to calculate the efficiency of each curve using single curve analysis, then you can try Real-Time PCR Miner, LinReg or Dart PCR. Each of these can be found using a GOOGLE search.

FAQ ID -2701

You can manually set the threshold line. If you are using a catalogued PCR Array, the PPC values should be 20 +/- 2 Cts. Use the same threshold on all of your PCR Arrays.

FAQ ID -2702

No. Data Analysis can be done with a little as 2 PCR Arrays. Whether or not you run a sample in triplicate is determined by experimental setup and what you are going to use the data for.

FAQ ID -2703

Each PCR Array has 5 housekeeping genes. You can use one or an average of the most stable ones to do data analysis.

FAQ ID -2704

The best way to set the threshold is to make sure that your PPC values are between 18 and 22. I would look my first PCR Array, set it so that the PPC is at 20, and see if the same threshold fits for the rest of the arrays.

FAQ ID -2705

The RT² Profiler PCR Array is a 96-/384-well plate or 100-well disc that contains gene-specific Primer Assays for a thoroughly researched set of relevant, pathway- or disease-focused genes. It simultaneously profiles the expression of 84 pathway-specific genes, and five housekeeping genes. Each RT² Profiler PCR Array also includes a Genomic DNA Control (GDC) assay, triplicate Reverse Transcription Controls (RTC), and triplicate Positive PCR Controls (PPC).

FAQ ID -2718

For real-time detection, the RT² Profiler PCR Array is currently available for most QIAGEN, ABI, BioRad, Eppendorf, Stratagene, TaKaRa, Fluidigm, Cepheid, and Roche real-time instruments. Please refer to the link below, to determine which RT² Profiler PCR Array plate format is compatible with your instrument.

http://www.sabiosciences.com/manuals/PCRArrayGuide.pdf

FAQ ID -2719

The Reverse transcription control requires that the reverse transcription is done with the RT² first strand kit. No other cDNA synthesis method can use this control.

FAQ ID - 3534